Four of 57 OTUs were consistently altered in both MDD and BD relative to HC (dark green area), while the majority of OTUs were specific to MDD alone (9/13) (pink area) or BD (40/44) alone (light green area). In total, 57 differential OTUs were identified in the two groups. The microbial OTUs changed in MDD or BD were identified by LDA (LDA > 2.5 fold change > 2). The co‐occurrence network reflecting microbial changes in MDD, BD, and HC. (All multiple comparisons, Kruskal–Wallis test.). Bacteroidaceae and Veillonellaceae were higher, and Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae lower, in MDD versus BD. Only Pseudomonadaceae was different (higher) in BD versus HC. Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae were higher, and Enterobacteriaceae lower, in MDD versus HC. b) Five representative most abundant family‐level phylotypes across the three groups were shown. Additionally, three less abundant phyla including Saccharibacteria, Fusobacteria, and Synergistetes were all different between MDD and BD, and BD and HC, but not MDD and HC. Bacteroidetes but not Proteobacteria levels were different between HC and MDD. In contrast, Proteobacteria was upregulated in BD relative to MDD or HC. Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in BD versus MDD or HC. a) Two dominant bacterial phyla including Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were altered among the three groups. KGaA, Weinheim.Īltered levels of specific bacterial phyla and families in MDD, BD, and HC. Together, distinct gut microbial compositions are identified in MDD compared to BD and HCs, and a novel marker panel is provided for distinguishing MDD from BD based on gut microbiome signatures.īipolar disorder gut microbiome major depressive disorder microbiota–gut–brain axis unipolar depression. Moreover, 4 of 26 microbial markers correlate with disease severity in MDD or BD. Furthermore, a signature of 26 OTUs is identified that can distinguish patients with MDD from those with BD or HCs, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.961 to 0.986 in discovery sets, and 0.702 to 0.741 in validation sets. Compared to HCs, MDD is characterized by altered covarying operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the Bacteroidaceae family, and BD shows disturbed covarying OTUs belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae families. It is found that the microbial compositions are different between the three groups. Here, using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, the microbial compositions of 165 subjects with MDD are compared with 217 BD, and 217 healthy controls (HCs). Recently, gut microbiome alterations are implicated in these two mood disorders however, little is known about the shared and distinct microbial characteristics in MDD versus BD. 12 The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310003 China.ĭiscriminating depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major clinical challenge.11 Department Pharmacology College of Medicine State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY 13210 USA.10 Department of Medicine College of Medicine State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY 13210 USA.9 Department of Neuroscience & Physiology College of Medicine State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY 13210 USA.8 Department of Psychiatry First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China.7 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China.6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY 13210 USA.Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics the College of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China. 4 Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical University Beijing 100088 China.3 The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100088 China.2 NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China.1 Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China.
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